Nouns & Types of Nouns

Nouns:

Noun is name of person, place or thing. We use noun to refer to people, animal, objects, feeling etc. They can be Subject or an Object of a verb. For Example Boy, Girl, Karachi, Cat, Truth, Beauty etc. 

Kinds of Nouns:

1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Abstract Noun

Proper Noun:

Name of some specific person, place or thing. e.g. "Lahore", "Waqar", "Karachi"

The First letter of the Proper Noun is always represented by a Capital Letter. 

Common Noun:

Common Noun refers to the person, place or thing. Common nouns are represented in lower case letters. e.g. dog, house, picture, computer, boy, city. 

Collective Noun:

Collective nouns are nouns that refer to things or people as a unit. example family, police, class, team, collective nouns can be used in both the singular form  or plural form. 

Abstract Noun:

When most people think of a noun, they think of people, places and things but Abstract Nouns are the opposite. Abstract noun is something that can't be sensed by our five senses (smell, touch, hear, taste or see).

Example: love, hate, violence, culture, taste, beauty, anger, truth.

Countable & Uncountable Nouns:

Countable noun is a type of noun that can be represented in both the singular form and the plural form. It can be represented by a number, such as two cats, five books. 

Uncountable Nouns are nouns that can not be represented in the singular form or the plural form. such as water, air, coffee, tea are some example of nouns that can only be represented in the singular form. It is not possible to say I need 3 Air or 5 sugar.

uncountable nouns only used in the singular tense. A or an can't be used with uncountable nouns, "The" can be used with uncountable nouns. Certain quantifiers (such as some, any, much, a lot ) can be used with uncountable nouns, such as some sugar, a lot of water, much air.

List of Most common Nouns with example Sentences:

age	The age of my daughter is three.
air	The air is quite clear today.
anger	His anger knows no limits.
animal	I'm not sure of the name of that animal over there in that cage.
answer	He provided an excellent answer to my question.
apple	I love a good red apple after dinner.
area	This area is intended for recreation
arm	He put his arm out for inspection.
art	It would be difficult to live without art.
atom	One of the smallest elements is the atom.
baby	She put her baby into its crib.
back	I turned my back on that outrageous man.
ball	He hit the ball out of the park.
band	The band played until three in the morning.
bank	The bank closes at three in the afternoon.
bar	Let's go to the bar and get a beer.
base	He works at the base on the otherside of town.
bat	If you look up there you can see a bat flying between the trees.
bear	The bear is a dangerous but playful animal.
beauty	The countryside is splendid in its beauty.
bell	He rang the bell to signal the end of class.
bird	Do you know the name of that bird on that branch?
bit	Could you hand me that bit for this drill?
block	He picked up the block of wood and began to work on it.
blood	Look at the blood on the floor! What's happened?
blow	He received a mighty blow from his opponent in the boxing match.
board	Use that board over there to cover up the window.
boat	He bought a new boat for his birthday.
body	He left the body at the side of the road.
bone	I found a prehistoric bone in the desert.
book	You should read this book!
bottom	You will find the coin at the bottom of the lake.
box	I put the extra clothes into that box.
boy	Do you see that boy over there?
branch	There is a bird on that branch.
bread	Could you get some bread when you go to the supermarket?
break	I'll take a five minute break and then get back to work.
brother	My brother lives in Seattle.
call	Give me a call when you arrive.
camp	I set up camp at the edge of the wood.
capital	The capital of Washington state is Olympia.
captain	The captain told his crew to raise the sail.
car	He drove his car very fast.

Jack and the Beanstalk

There was once a boy called Jack who was brave and quick-witted. He lived with his mother in a small cottage and their most valuable possession was their cow, Milky-White. But the day came when Milky-White gave them no milk and Jack's mother said she must be sold.

"Take her to market," she told Jack, "and mind you get a good price for her."

So Jack set out to market leading Milky-White by her halter. After a while he sat down to rest by the side of the road. An old man came by and Jack told him where he was going.

"Don't bother to go to the market,"

the old man said. "Sell your cow to me. I will pay you well. Look at these beans. Only plant them, and overnight you will find you have the finest bean plants in all the world. You'll be better offwith these beans than with an old cow or money. Now, how many is five, Jack?"

"Two in each hand and one in your mouth," replied Jack, as sharp as a needle.

"Right you are, here are five beans," said the old man and he handed the beans to Jack and took Milky-White's halter.

When he reached home, his mother said, "Back so soon, Jack? Did you get a good price for Milky-White?"

Jack told her how he had exchanged the cow for five beans and before he could finish his account, his mother started to shout and box his ears. "You lazy good-for-nothing boy!" she screamed, "How could you hand over our cow for five old beans? What will we live on now? We shall starve to death, you stupid boy."

She flung the beans through the open window and sent Jack to bed without his

supper.

When Jack woke the next morning there was a strange green light in his room. All he could see from, the window was green leaves. A huge beanstalk had shot up overnight. It grew higher than he could see. Quickly Jack got dressed and stepped out of the window right onto the beanstalk and started to climb.

"The old man said the beans would grow overnight," he thought. "They must indeed be very special beans."

Higher and higher Jack climbed until at last he reached the top and found himselfon a strange road. Jack followed it until he came to a great castle where he could smell the most delicious breakfast. Jack was hungry. It had been a long climb and he had had nothing to eat since midday the day before. Just as he reached the door of the castle he nearly tripped over the feet of an enormous woman.

"Here, boy," she called. "What are you doing? Don't you know my husband likes to eat boys for breakfast? It's lucky I have already fried up some bacon and mushrooms for him today, or I'd pop you in the frying pan. He can eat you tomorrow, though."

"Oh, please don't let him eat me," pleaded Jack. "I only came to ask you for a bite to eat. It smells so delicious."

Now the giant's wife had a kind heart and did not really enjoy cooking boys for breakfast, so she gave Jack a bacon sandwich. He was still eating it when the ground began to shake with heavy footsteps, and a loud voice boomed: "Fee, Fi, Fo, Fum."

"Quick, hide!" cried the giant's wife and she pushed Jack into the oven. "After breakfast, he'll fall asleep," she whispered. "That is when you must creep away." She left the oven door open a crack so that jack could see into the room. Again the terrible rumbling voice came:

"Fee, Fi, Fo, Fum,

I smell the blood of an Englishman,

Be he alive or be he dead,

I'll grind his bones to make my bread."

A huge giant came into the room. "Boys, boys, I smell boys," he shouted. "Wife, have I got a boy for breakfast today?"

"No, dear," she said soothingly. "You have got bacon and mushrooms. You must still be smelling the boy you ate last week." The giant sniffed the air suspiciously but at last sat down. He wolfed his breakfast of bacon and mushrooms, drank a great bucketful of steaming tea and crunched up a massive slice of toast. Then he fetched a couple of bags of gold from a cupboard and started counting gold coins. Before long he dropped off to sleep.

Quietly Jack crept out of the oven.

Carefully he picked up two gold coins and ran as fast as he could to the top of the beanstalk. He threw the gold clown to his mother's garden and climbed after it. At the bottom he found his mother looking in amazement at the gold coins and the beanstalk. Jack told her of his adventures in the giant's castle and when she examined the gold she realized he must be speaking the truth.

Jack and his mother used the gold to buy food. But the day came when the money ran out, and Jack decided to climb the beanstalk again.

It was all the same as before, the long climb, the road to the castle, the smell of breakfast and the giant's wife. But she was not so friendly this time.

"Aren't you the boy who was here before," she asked, "on the day that some gold was stolen from under my husband's nose?"

But Jack convinced her she was wrong and in time her heart softened again and she gave him some breakfast. Once more as:ack was eating the ground shuddered and the great voice boomed: "Tee, Fi, Fo, Fum." Quickly, ackjumped into the oven.

As he entered, the giant bellowed:

"Fee, Fi, Fo, Fum,

I smell the blood of cm Englishman,

Be he alive or be he dead,

I'll grind his bones to make my bread."

The giant's wife put a plate of sizzling sausages before him, telling him he must be mistaken. After breakfast the giant fetched a hen from a back room. Every time he said "Lay!" the hen laid an egg of solid gold.

"I must steal that hen, if I can," thought Jack, and he waited until the giant fell

asleep. Then he slipped out of the oven, snotched up the and rim for the top of the beanstalk. Keeping the hen under one arm, he scrambled Jack and the Beanstalk clown as fast as he could until he reached the bottom. Jack's mother was waiting but she was not pleased when she saw the hen.

"Another of your silly ideas, is it, bringing an old hen when you might have brought us some gold? I don't know, what is to be done with you?"

Then jack set the hen down carefully, and cornmanded "Lay!" just as the giant had done. To his mother's surprise the hen laid an egg of solid gold.

Jack and his mother now lived in great luxury. But in time Jack became a little bored and decided to climb the beanstalk again.

This time he did not risk talking to the giant's wife in case she recognized him. He slipped into the kitchen when she was not looking, and hid himself in the log basket. He watched the giant's wife prepare breakfast and then he heard the giant's roar:

"Fee, Fi, Fo, Fum,

I smell the blood of an Englishman,

Be he alive or be he dead,

I'll grind his bones to make my bread."

"If it's that cheeky boy who stole your gold and our magic hen, then help you catch him," said the giant's wife. "Why don't we look in the oven? It's my guess he'll be hiding there."

You may be sure that jack was glad he was not in the oven. The giant and his wife hunted high and low but never thought to look in the log basket. At last they gave up and the giant sat down to breakfast.

After he had eaten, the giant fetched a harp. When he commanded "Play!" the harp played the most beautiful music. Soon the giant fell asleep, and jack crept out of the log basket. Quickly he snatched up the harp and ran. But the harp called out loudly, "Master, save me! Save me!" and the giant woke. With a roar of rage he chased after Jack.

Jack raced down the road towards the beanstalk with the giant's footsteps thundering behind him. When he reached the top of the beanstalk he threw down the harp and started to slither down after it.

The giant followed, and now the whole beanstalk shook and shuddered with his weight, and Jack feared for his life. At last he reached the ground, and seizing an axe he chopped at the beanstalk with all his might. Snap!

"Look out, mother!" he called as the giant came tumbling clown, head first. He lay dead at their feet with the beanstalk on the ground beside them. The harp was broken, but the hen continued to lay golden eggs for Jack and his mother and they lived happily and in great comfort for a long, long time.

Forms of the Verb

PRESENT TENSE	PAST TENSE	PAST PARTICIPLE	PRESENT PARTICIPLE
arise	arose	arisen	arising
awake	awoke	awoken	awaking
be	was/were	been	being
bear	bore	born, borne	bearing
beat	beat	beaten	beating
become	became	become	becoming
begin	began	begun	beginning
bend	bent	bent	bending
bet	bet	bet	betting
bid	bid, bade	bid, bade	bidding
bind	bound	bound	binding
bite	bit	bitten	biting
bleed	bled	bled	bleeding
blow	blew	blown	blowing
break	broke	broken	breaking
breed	bred	bred	breeding
bring	brought	brought	bringing
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	broadcasting
build	built	built	building
burn	burned, burnt	burned, burnt	burning
burst	burst	burst	bursting
buy	bought	bought	buying
cast	cast	cast	casting
catch	caught	caught	catching
choose	chose	chosen	choosing
cling	clung	clung	clinging
come	came	come	coming
cost	cost	cost	costing
creep	crept	crept	creeping
cut	cut	cut	cutting
deal	dealt	dealt	dealing
dig	dug	dug	digging
dive	dived, dove	dived	diving
do	did	done	doing
draw	drew	drawn	drawing
dream	dreamed, dreamt	dreamed, dreamt	dreaming
drink	drank	drunk	drinking
drive	drove	driven	driving
dwell	dwelt	dwelt	dwelling
eat	ate	eaten	eating
fall	fell	fallen	falling
feed	fed	fed	feeding
feel	felt	felt	feeling
fight	fought	fought	fighting
find	found	found	finding
fit	fitted, fit	fit	fitting
flee	fled	fled	fleeing
fling	flung	flung	flinging
flow	flowed	flowed	flowing
fly	flew	flown	flying
forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbidding
forecast	forecast, forecasted	forecast, forecasted	forecasting
forget	forgot	forgotten	forgetting
forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgiving
forego, forgo	forewent	foregone	forgoing
forsake	forsook	forsaken	forsaking
freeze	froze	frozen	freezing
get	got	got	getting
give	gave	given	giving
go	went	gone	going
grab	grabbed	grabbed	grabbing
grind	ground	ground	grinding
grow	grew	grown	growing
hang	hung	hung	hanging
hang (kill)	hanged	hanged	hanging
have	had	had	having
hear	heard	heard	hearing
hide	hid	hidden	hiding
hit	hit	hit	hitting
hold	held	held	holding
hurt	hurt	hurt	hurting
keep	kept	kept	keeping
kneel	knelt	knelt	kneeling
knit	knitted	knitted	knitting
know	knew	known	knowing
lay	laid	laid	laying
lead	led	led	leading
lean	leaned, leant	lean, leant	leaning
leap	leapt	leapt	leaping
learn	learned, learnt	learned, learnt	learning
leave	left	left	leaving
lend	lent	lent	lending
let	let	let	letting
lie	lay	lain	lying
light	lighted, lit	lighted, lit	lighting
lose	lost	lost	losing
make	made	made	making
mean	meant	meant	meaning
meet	met	met	meeting
misspell	misspelled, misspelt	misspelled, misspelt	misspelling
mistake	mistook	mistaken	mistaking
mow	mowed	mowed, mown	mowing
overcome	overcame	overcome	overcoming
overdo	overdid	overdone	overdoing
overtake	overtook	overtaken	overtaking
overthrow	overthrew	overthrown	overthrowing
pay	paid	paid	paying
plead	pleaded, pled	pleaded, pled	pleading
prove	proved	proved, proven	proving
put	put	put	putting
quit	quit, quitted	quit, quitted	quitting
read	read	read	reading
rid	rid, ridded	rid	ridding
ride	rode	ridden	riding
ring	rang	rung	ringing
rise	rose	risen	rising
run	ran	run	running
saw	sawed	sawn	sawing
say	said	said	saying
see	saw	seen	seeing
seek	sought	sought	seeking
sell	sold	sold	selling
send	sent	sent	sending
set	set	set	setting
sew	sewed	sewed/sewn	sewing
shake	shook	shaken	shaking
shave	shaved	shaved, shaven	shaving
shear	sheared	sheared, shorn	shearing
shed	shed	shed	shedding
shine	shone	shone	shining
shoe	shod	shod	shoeing
shoot	shot	shot	shooting
show	showed	shown	showing
shrink	shrank	shrunk	shrinking
shut	shut	shut	shutting
sing	sang	sung	singing
sink	sank	sunk	sinking
sit	sat	sat	sitting
sleep	slept	slept	sleeping
slay	slew	slain	slaying
slide	slid	slid	sliding
sling	slung	slung	slinging
slit	slit	slit	slitting
smell	smelled, smelt	smelled, smelt	smelling
smite	smote	smitten	smitting
sow	sowed	Sown	sowing
speak	spoke	spoken	speaking
speed	speeded, sped	speeded, sped	speeding
spell	spelled, spelt	spelled, spelt	spelling
spend	spent	spent	spending
spill	spilled, spilt	spilled, spilt	spilling
spin	spun	spun	spinning
spit	spat	spat	spitting
split	split	split	splitting
spoil	spoiled, spoilt	spoiled, spoilt	spoiling
spread	spread	spread	spreading
spring	sprang	sprung	springing
stand	stood	stood	standing
steal	stole	stolen	stealing
stick	stuck	stuck	sticking
sting	stung	stung	stinging
stink	stank	stunk	stinking
stride	strode	stridden	striding
strike	struck	struck	striking
string	strung	strung	stringing
strive	strove	striven	striving
swear	swore	sworn	swearing
sweep	swept	swept	sweeping
swell	swelled	swollen	swelling
swim	swam	swum	swimming
swing	swung	swung	swinging
take	took	taken	taking
teach	taught	taught	teaching
tear	tore	torn	tearing
tell	told	told	telling
think	thought	thought	thinking
thrive	thrived, throve	thrived	thriving
throw	threw	thrown	throwing
thrust	thrust	thrust	thrusting
tread	trod	trodden	treading
understand	understood	understood	understanding
uphold	upheld	upheld	upholding
upset	upset	upset	upsetting
wake	woke	woken, waked	waking
wear	wore	worn	wearing
weave	wove	woven	weaving
wed	wed, wedded	wed, wedded	wedding
weep	wept	wept	weeping
win	won	won	winning
wind	wound	wound	winding
withhold	withheld	withheld	withholding
withstand	withstood	withstood	withstanding
wring	wrung	wrung	wringing
write	wrote	written	writing

PRESENT TENSE	PAST TENSE	PAST PARTICIPLE	PRESENT PARTICIPLE
add	added	added	adding
advise	advised	advised	advising
agree	agreed	agreed	agreeing
allow	allowed	allowed	allowing
appear	appeared	appeared	appearing
arrange	arranged	arranged	arranging
arrive	arrived	arrived	arriving
behave	behaved	behaved	behaving
breathe	breathed	breathed	breathing
care	cared	cared	caring
carry	carried	carried	carrying
cause	caused	caused	causing
change	changed	changed	changing
close	closed	closed	closing
compare	compared	compared	comparing
complete	completed	completed	completing
continue	continued	continued	continuing
copy	copied	copied	copying
cry	cried	cried	crying
dance	danced	danced	dancing
die	died	died	dying
divide	divided	divided	dividing
drop	dropped	dropped	dropping
escape	escaped	escaped	escaping
fit	fitted	fitted	fitting
hand	handed	handed	handing
hang (person)	hanged	hanged	hanging
hope	hoped	hoped	hoping
hurry	hurried	hurried	hurrying
join	joined	joined	joining
jump	jumped	jumped	jumping
laugh	laughed	laughed	laughing
live	lived	lived	living
marry	married	married	marrying
reply	replied	replied	replying
show	showed	showed	showing
stop	stopped	stopped	stopping
study	studied	studied	studying
talk	talked	talked	talking
tie	tied	tied	tying
try	tried	tried	trying
use	used	used	using
wait	waited	waited	waiting

PRESENT TENSE	PAST TENSE	PAST PARTICIPLE	PRESENT PARTICIPLE
burst	burst	burst	bursting
cost	cost	cost	costing
cut	cut	cut	cutting
hit	hit	hit	hitting
hurt	hurt	hurt	hurting
let	let	let	letting
put	put	put	putting
read	read	read	reading
set	set	set	setting
shut	shut	shut	shutting
split	split	split	splitting
spread	spread	spread	spreading